Non-Invasive Ventilation in Critical Care: Positive Pressure Ventilation and High-Flow Oxygen Therapy
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[tabby title="Introduction"] Introduction Respiratory failure is a commonly encountered disease process in both the emergency department (ED) and intensive care (ICU) setting. Respiratory failure most frequently results from exacerbations of congestive heart failure (CHF) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), respiratory infections, encephalopathy, or a combination of these etiologies. Obesity, with or without obesity hypoventilation syndrome, reduces respiratory reserve and may accelerate and worsen the severity of respiratory failure. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV), including high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) can provide benefit in multiple disease states causing respiratory failure, and can help selected patients avoid intubation and mechanical ventilation. This review serves to examine the clinical indications for NIV through discussion of the physiologic effects of the modality supported by the most current research. [tabby title="Physiology"]
Non-Invasive Ventilation in Critical Care: Positive Pressure Ventilation and High-Flow Oxygen Therapy
Non-Invasive Ventilation in Critical Care…
Non-Invasive Ventilation in Critical Care: Positive Pressure Ventilation and High-Flow Oxygen Therapy
[tabby title="Introduction"] Introduction Respiratory failure is a commonly encountered disease process in both the emergency department (ED) and intensive care (ICU) setting. Respiratory failure most frequently results from exacerbations of congestive heart failure (CHF) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), respiratory infections, encephalopathy, or a combination of these etiologies. Obesity, with or without obesity hypoventilation syndrome, reduces respiratory reserve and may accelerate and worsen the severity of respiratory failure. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV), including high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) can provide benefit in multiple disease states causing respiratory failure, and can help selected patients avoid intubation and mechanical ventilation. This review serves to examine the clinical indications for NIV through discussion of the physiologic effects of the modality supported by the most current research. [tabby title="Physiology"]