In 161 patients with known extrathoracic malignancy and enlarged hilar/mediastinal lymph nodes, endobronchial ultrasound FNA was very helpful at identifying metastasis to the chest. EBUS found lymph node mets in 44% of the patients and a new lung cancer in 12%. Sarcoidosis was discovered in 9%. Neal et al followed-up these 161 patients for 6 months to allow an alternative diagnosis (i.e., undiscovered metastasis) to manifest if the EBUS initially was negative.